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Summary

This document describes results from the 2022 global OHI assessment. This is mostly an internal document to explore and check results. It also creates the figures used on the website and in other documents.

Setup

Primary dataset

These data are the OHI scores for the eez regions of 220 countries and territories from 2012 to 2022.

Region 0 is the global average scores, which are calculated using an area-weighted average of the region scores (status, likely future state, and score).

OHI scores

Global summary

This section describes global patterns in index and goal scores. The overall global score was 69.21.

Alternative color scale

Average global performance of the 10 goals.

Flower plots for each region can be downloaded from here

Country summary

Country index scores for 2022 Maps describing goal and index scores can be downloaded from here.

Distribution of country index scores. The median index score among countries was 68.65.

The regions with index scores of 80 or greater are:

region_name Index
Macquarie Island 92.32
Howland Island and Baker Island 90.11
Ile Europa 86.51
Jarvis Island 84.23
Sint Maarten 83.37
Clipperton Island 83.20
Seychelles 82.85
Heard and McDonald Islands 80.50

The regions with index scores of 60 or less are:

region_name Index
Israel 59.59
Brunei 59.57
Haiti 59.53
Colombia 59.13
Pakistan 58.91
Sri Lanka 58.30
Libya 58.03
Amsterdam Island and Saint Paul Island 57.86
Tunisia 57.30
Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) 57.30
Equatorial Guinea 56.70
India 56.69
Tristan da Cunha 56.34
Guyana 53.99
Lebanon 53.82
Democratic Republic of the Congo 53.41
Eritrea 53.36
Falkland Islands 53.35
Sudan 52.92
Republique du Congo 50.22
Syria 49.40
Ivory Coast 48.81

Country scores across scenario year

Carpet plot figure (download as high resolution png) providing an overview of the scores from the 2022 assessment. Each row represents a region, the main groupings represent goals, and within each goal there are 7 years of data. Black regions indicate no data.

Don’t try too hard to interpret the results for specific countries/goals/years!!

This plot is good for providing a quick overview of:

  • What is the range of scores?
  • Which goals tend to have high scores across most regions (species, habitat)
  • Which goals have a lot of variation across regions (tourism & recreation, lasting special places)
  • Which goals are volatile across years (natural products, tourism & recreation)

Data

This interactive table describes the index and goal scores for the regions in 2022 (or, download csv version):

A closer look at goal scores

This section takes a closer look at the goal/subgoal scores for the 2022 scenario.

Artisanal opportunities

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Antigua and Barbuda 100.00
Wallis and Futuna 100.00
Nauru 100.00
Marshall Islands 100.00
Solomon Islands 100.00
Costa Rica 100.00
Latvia 99.83
Nigeria 99.79
Samoa 99.47
Saint Helena 99.42

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Tristan da Cunha 44.24
Maldives 43.68
Norfolk Island 42.74
Phoenix Islands (Kiribati) 41.83
Dominica 37.15
Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) 36.09
South Africa 35.82
Ukraine 33.21
Palau 27.01
Georgia 25.86

Species condition (subgoal)

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Finland 90.55
Estonia 90.11
Poland 90.04
Lithuania 89.80
Latvia 89.66
Sweden 88.37
Jordan 87.73
Djibouti 87.61
Northern Saint-Martin 86.84
Sint Eustatius 86.52

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Greece 63.71
Italy 63.14
Israel 63.06
Syria 62.53
Algeria 61.36
Lebanon 60.41
Malta 60.38
Libya 57.81
Cyprus 57.23
Monaco 55.45

Biodiversity

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Sint Eustatius 93.26
Saba 92.77
Sint Maarten 92.56
Oecussi Ambeno 91.87
Heard and McDonald Islands 91.57
Djibouti 90.98
Kerguelen Islands 90.85
Northern Saint-Martin 90.52
Jordan 88.75
Barbados 88.71

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Montenegro 60.71
Lebanon 60.06
Monaco 59.76
Greece 59.42
Republique du Congo 58.74
Ivory Coast 58.32
Faeroe Islands 58.16
Falkland Islands 56.24
Croatia 55.65
Syria 50.40

Habitat (subgoal)

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Sint Maarten 100
Clipperton Island 100
Heard and McDonald Islands 100
Saba 100
Sint Eustatius 100
Kerguelen Islands 100
Tuvalu 100
Sao Tome and Principe 100
Wallis and Futuna 100
Tokelau 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Ukraine 49.98
Iceland 47.38
Bulgaria 45.88
Republique du Congo 45.08
Ivory Coast 43.01
Poland 42.85
Croatia 40.52
Faeroe Islands 40.08
Syria 38.26
Falkland Islands 31.46

Coastal protection

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Macquarie Island 100
Sint Maarten 100
Clipperton Island 100
Saba 100
Sint Eustatius 100
Oecussi Ambeno 100
Tuvalu 100
Sao Tome and Principe 100
Wallis and Futuna 100
Azores 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Somalia 55.57
Argentina 55.45
British Virgin Islands 54.54
Chile 51.66
Bermuda 51.18
Democratic Republic of the Congo 36.42
Guyana 32.24
Pakistan 23.11
Ivory Coast 18.03
Republique du Congo 10.02

Carbon storage

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Ile Europa 100
Sint Maarten 100
Saba 100
Sint Eustatius 100
Mayotte 100
Northern Saint-Martin 100
Tuvalu 100
Sao Tome and Principe 100
Anguilla 100
Tokelau 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Montenegro 55.66
Curacao 50.65
Democratic Republic of the Congo 44.63
Republique du Congo 37.13
Latvia 36.56
Morocco 33.23
Poland 30.80
Lithuania 23.45
Lebanon 5.05
Syria 3.37

Clean water

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Heard and McDonald Islands 99.25
Bouvet Island 99.25
Jarvis Island 99.23
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 98.54
Macquarie Island 97.67
Kerguelen Islands 97.31
Howland Island and Baker Island 96.77
Falkland Islands 96.60
Phoenix Islands (Kiribati) 96.52
Palmyra Atoll 93.10

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
India 33.70
Ghana 33.37
Nigeria 33.19
Bangladesh 29.51
Marshall Islands 29.07
Cameroon 28.68
Togo 20.56
Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) 18.91
Nauru 18.56
Benin 17.44

Economies

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Aruba 100
Mayotte 100
Oman 100
Slovenia 100
Portugal 100
New Zealand 100
Tuvalu 100
Estonia 100
Sao Tome and Principe 100
France 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Niue 31.73
Guadeloupe and Martinique 30.39
French Guiana 29.78
Guinea Bissau 25.82
Saint Helena 23.14
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 20.76
Equatorial Guinea 18.57
Falkland Islands 16.17
Eritrea 6.69
East Timor 0.05

Livelihoods & economies

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Aruba 100
Mayotte 100
Oman 100
Slovenia 100
New Zealand 100
Tuvalu 100
Sao Tome and Principe 100
Sweden 100
Uruguay 100
Albania 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Cook Islands 44.46
French Guiana 44.01
Philippines 43.94
Saint Helena 40.59
Samoa 39.88
Falkland Islands 36.68
East Timor 27.48
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 25.46
Equatorial Guinea 12.81
Eritrea 3.42

Livelihoods

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Seychelles 100
United Arab Emirates 100
Aruba 100
Mayotte 100
Antigua and Barbuda 100
Oman 100
Slovenia 100
New Zealand 100
Tuvalu 100
Sao Tome and Principe 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Gabon 37.93
Anguilla 35.69
Libya 35.23
Cook Islands 33.98
Benin 33.98
Saint Kitts and Nevis 33.69
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 30.16
Equatorial Guinea 7.04
Samoa 3.34
Eritrea 0.16

Fisheries (subgoal)

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Macquarie Island 100.00
Nauru 97.61
Palau 93.21
Ile Europa 93.11
Juan de Nova Island 93.11
Bassas da India 93.11
Turks and Caicos Islands 92.01
Estonia 90.59
Latvia 89.64
Prince Edward Islands 89.39

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Mauritania 13.04
Guinea 12.88
Bulgaria 12.73
Johnston Atoll 11.81
Western Sahara 11.23
Jan Mayen 10.61
Pitcairn 10.24
Norfolk Island 9.81
Amsterdam Island and Saint Paul Island 9.39
Bouvet Island 7.93

Food provision

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Macquarie Island 100.00
Nauru 97.61
Palau 93.19
Ile Europa 93.11
Juan de Nova Island 93.11
Bassas da India 93.11
Turks and Caicos Islands 92.01
Estonia 89.96
Latvia 89.64
Prince Edward Islands 89.39

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Cocos Islands 14.40
Mauritania 13.04
Guinea 12.88
Johnston Atoll 11.81
Western Sahara 11.23
Jan Mayen 10.61
Pitcairn 10.24
Norfolk Island 9.81
Amsterdam Island and Saint Paul Island 9.39
Bouvet Island 7.93

Mariculture (subgoal)

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Germany 93.51
Bosnia and Herzegovina 88.38
Finland 88.35
Denmark 87.64
Netherlands 87.01
Bulgaria 87.01
South Korea 86.68
Spain 86.00
Taiwan 84.84
China 84.81

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Libya 0
Equatorial Guinea 0
Tristan da Cunha 0
Democratic Republic of the Congo 0
Eritrea 0
Falkland Islands 0
Sudan 0
Republique du Congo 0
Syria 0
Ivory Coast 0

Iconic species (subgoal)

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Finland 92.39
Latvia 91.76
Lithuania 91.76
Poland 91.76
Estonia 91.00
Sweden 85.87
Denmark 85.43
Germany 84.76
Bouvet Island 84.53
Romania 83.93

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Glorioso Islands 50.84
Ile Tromelin 50.84
Crozet Islands 50.84
Amsterdam Island and Saint Paul Island 50.84
Solomon Islands 50.26
Myanmar 49.88
Tuvalu 49.67
Vanuatu 49.05
Cambodia 48.97
Thailand 47.72

Sense of place

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Latvia 95.88
Lithuania 95.88
Poland 95.88
Estonia 95.50
Denmark 92.71
Germany 92.38
Bouvet Island 92.27
Romania 91.96
Bulgaria 91.96
Ukraine 91.96

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Niue 26.98
French Polynesia 26.91
Tuvalu 26.64
Yemen 26.25
Sudan 25.82
Tokelau 25.55
Juan de Nova Island 25.42
Bassas da India 25.42
Ile Tromelin 25.42
Vanuatu 25.05

Lasting special places (subgoal)

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Macquarie Island 100
Howland Island and Baker Island 100
Ile Europa 100
Jarvis Island 100
Clipperton Island 100
Seychelles 100
Heard and McDonald Islands 100
Prince Edward Islands 100
Saba 100
Mayotte 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Cocos Islands 0
Niue 0
Togo 0
Benin 0
Libya 0
Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) 0
Tristan da Cunha 0
Eritrea 0
Sudan 0
Syria 0

Natural products

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Djibouti 100.00
Jan Mayen 100.00
Nicaragua 99.98
Faeroe Islands 99.98
Iceland 99.91
Georgia 99.90
Lithuania 99.80
Ecuador 99.74
Seychelles 99.71
Sweden 99.71

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Micronesia 31.88
Palau 30.37
New Caledonia 27.41
Fiji 24.53
Solomon Islands 23.64
Costa Rica 17.29
Singapore 14.29
Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) 12.79
Belize 7.93
Tonga 1.02

Tourism & recreation

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Seychelles 100
Aruba 100
Bahamas 100
Curacao 100
Anguilla 100
Saint Kitts and Nevis 100
Georgia 100
Saint Lucia 100
Grenada 100
Netherlands 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
Pakistan 7.65
Libya 6.92
Gabon 6.55
Tanzania 6.06
Nigeria 5.51
Sierra Leone 5.40
Angola 4.34
Bangladesh 3.91
Papua New Guinea 3.73
Democratic Republic of the Congo 2.53

Other analyses

Comparing trend and average index scores

To obtain a more complete picture of which regions are doing well and which are doing poorly we compared the average index scores (averaged over 2012 to 2022) and the trends for each region.

Of most concern are regions that have poor scores and declining trends.

The following is an interactive plot (region names are visible when hovering over the points) showing the relationship between average index scores and trend. The horizontal line represents the 0 trend and the vertical line is the average of the average index scores.

Comparing assessment years

The following is a comparison of the global status scores generated for the 2022 scenario by this year’s assessment vs. last year’s assessment.

If the models and source data remain the same, these scores should be exactly the same. Differences indicate changes in methods or source data.

These changes do not reflect changes in actual system health!

long_goal future pressures resilience score status trend
Artisanal opportunities 0.0082500 2.1456818 -0.3521364 0.0455500 0.0828000 -0.0024500
Biodiversity -3.9510000 NaN NaN -3.8297727 -3.7077727 -0.0070000
Carbon storage 1.0981667 0.5587222 0.7436667 0.6668889 0.2353333 0.0170556
Clean water -0.0009545 0.0125455 -0.0127273 -0.0003182 0.0000000 0.0000000
Coastal protection -0.2904831 -1.0176812 0.1002899 -0.2957971 -0.3016908 -0.0018357
Economies -0.0273529 0.7632227 -0.0170455 -0.0136765 0.0000000 0.0000000
Fisheries (subgoal) -0.0252727 3.1644091 -0.0498182 -0.0127727 0.0000000 0.0000000
Food provision -0.0374091 NaN NaN -0.0355455 -0.0344545 0.0016364
Habitat (subgoal) -8.3060455 1.7814091 0.2421818 -8.0125000 -7.7193636 -0.0169091
Iconic species (subgoal) -0.7462727 0.1890455 -0.0016364 -0.7438636 -0.7415000 -0.0002727
Index -1.4809545 NA NA -1.2299545 NA NA
Lasting special places (subgoal) 1.1225000 0.2343636 -0.0125000 1.0329545 0.9430909 0.0131364
Livelihoods -0.0264706 0.8876777 -0.0122273 -0.0132843 0.0000000 0.0000000
Livelihoods & economies -0.0270588 NaN NaN -0.0133824 0.0000000 0.0000000
Mariculture (subgoal) 0.1345361 0.0125909 -0.0127273 0.1187113 0.1026289 -0.0041237
Natural products -0.4904188 2.9334375 0.2142708 -0.5944503 -0.6981675 0.0025789
Sense of place 0.1887727 NaN NaN 0.1443636 0.1006364 0.0064545
Species condition (subgoal) 0.4041818 3.4493636 -0.1260455 0.3536818 0.3036818 0.0028636
Tourism & recreation -11.9735000 0.0119091 -0.0127273 -8.9146500 -5.8557500 -0.2428500

Country data

The following interactive plot provides an overview of how the 2022 scenario scores changed between the 2021 and 2022 assessments for all goals and dimensions.